Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow

This thesis considers two practical constraints, CR node mobility and non-time-slotted primary user activity for the FD-CRN sensing performance evaluation. The Rayleigh and Nakagami-m distributed fading channels are used to examine the sensing performance. The impact of channel estimation error and RSI on the sensing performance is also studied. In the thesis, the analysis of non-time-slotted primary activity with CR mobility under the Rayleigh fading environment for FD-CRN is reported. The expressions of the detection and false alarm probabilities are derived considering ED.

RFID chipless tags is a tracking method that employs radio frequency to find, recognize, find, and communicate with together individuals and objects. Smart labels called RFID chipless tags have the ability to store a wide choice of informative data, including brief descriptions about the item, serial numbers and several page information. An RFID reader works as a network connected module which can be used as either a portable device or a fixed device. Through radio waves, the reader emits impulses that turn-on the RFID communication tag.

A traveling wave tube (TWT) amplifier has been an important device used in the application of satellite and radar communication in the last few decades. It offers a better power level among other solid-state devices in between the frequency range (80-300 GHz), resulting in a wide area of application such as wireless communication, plasma diagnostic, and healthcare where high power at millimetre waves is required in small size.

This study report is divided into two parts. In first part, analysis of physical and chemical properties of various shielding materials are done and shielding effectiveness of various materials with respect to frequency are compared. On the basis of shielding effectiveness obtained, best material for shielding is estimated. After estimation of best material for shielding, special technique is incorporated to intensify the capability of shielding of same material. In second part, an electronic circuit is implemented in electromagnetic wave environment.

Frequency divider requirements in modern wireless transmission systems are getting more and more stringent. These specifications are a result of the different radio standards that today's mobile devices must comply with. The challenge of constructing frequency dividers with multi-band functionality increases as a result of this multi-standard support. In this thesis, basically, an outline of a design approach for high frequency divider circuit is presented.