Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow

In the Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) technology, many advancements are happening in the semiconductor industry, and these developments arise due to the increasing demand for battery-operated devices; these include laptops, smartphones, tablets, and many biomedical devices. There is a need for electronic components that can convert the analog signal into a digital signal, which is used to store the signals in memory and for further data processing and communication. There is an increase in demand for high-pixel cameras and high storage memory.

1.1 Abstract Text extraction from natural settings offers a variety of information that is frequently used to comprehend image scenarios and to recover visual data. This scene image's semantic information is extremely helpful for helping people understand their surroundings as a whole. The text identification and character recognition procedures are made more difficult by the fact that text in natural photos shows a highly varied look in an unrestricted setting. Text extraction from images refers to the process of automatically extracting text information from images.

Abstract The work carried out in this thesis is concerned with the design of electronic logic circuits. The invention of the transistor transformed the electronic industry, and microelectronics continues to have a significant impact on all aspects of development.